Identify the muslim trade routes to india, china, europe, and africa and assess the economic. Indian ocean and middle eastern slave trades african. Transatlantic slave trade of the early modern period apart from all previous experiences. Later on, cowrie shells were introduced as a convenient medium of exchange. Slave trade led to depopulation, insecurity and misery. The growth of transatlantic trade contributed greatly to the collapse of the trade. The empire of ghana part of present day senegal, mail and mauritania possessed a large amount of gold but lacked adequate salt for its population. Competition for wealth and the desire for independence from more powerful kingdoms shaped west african societies. The collapse of the songhai empire ended a thousand year period in which powerful kingdoms and empires ruled the central region of west africa. The empire of mali endured from the early th century to the late 15th century. Hunwick and powell 2001 introduces the basic muslim texts and perspectives that initially shaped contacts between muslims and black africans, while focusing on the trans saharan trade. Overview, west africa and the rise of the songhai empire. It was not limited to trade and the exchange of gold, copper, iron, kola nuts, cloth, and salt.
Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in. May 01, 2019 a very big question, one of the big problems for the incoming europeans was how to develop the new lands they had acquired in the americas the first slaves. Eruption of wars jihad in the maghreb region particularly morocco. If all kingdoms south of the sahara had easy access to gold and this hypothetical is a gross oversimplification, then gold ceases to become a medium of trade among the sub.
These kingdoms continued the trans saharan trade with the arab states in north africa. Many traders in western sudan diverted their attention from the transsaharan trade to the new trade. Chances are you know someone with flashy gold jewelry, or maybe even a. The transsaharan gold trade 7th14th century essay the. What factors account for the rise of great zimbabwe. A very big question, one of the big problems for the incoming europeans was how to develop the new lands they had acquired in the americas the first slaves. By the seventeenth century, the trade was in full swing, reaching a peak towards the end of the eighteenth century. What are the factors responsible for the rise and development.
More specifically, the workshop is designed to address the most preliminary and fundamental questions in the organization of the trans saharan slave trade project and in particular, one of the most significant, yet least studied aspect of the afroarab relations. Western africa the islamic revolution in the western sudan. Thereafter, the gold trade was the centrepiece of the transsaharan trade. List the different methods in the obtaining and processing of salt in the pre colonial african societies. The transsaharan trade was an important gateway for the spread of islam in africa. As adu boahen has explained, the trans saharan caravan trade began to take place on a regular basis during the fourth century, as an expanded version of the preexisting intra and interregional trade among peoples of the forest, savanna, sahel, and sahara. For the trans saharan the two major resources traded were salt from the mediterranean and gold from western africa. Trans saharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and sub saharan africa.
It profoundly influenced the culture of the region through the spread of its language, laws and customs along the niger river, which ran through the heart of the empire. The transsaharan trade was a twoway exchange between subsaharan regions and the north. Transsaharan trade was the transit of goods between subsaharan africa and the northern arab and european worlds. Answersexhaustion of the main trading commodities like salt and gold. From the seventh to the eleventh century, transsaharan trade linked the mediterranean economies that demanded goldand could supply saltto the subsaharan economies, where gold was abundant.
The portuguese journeys around the west african coast opened up new avenues for trade between europe and west africa. By the early 16th century, european trading bases, the factories established on the coast since 1445, and trade with the wealthier europeans became of prime importance to west africa. Various factors facilitated the development of the trans saharan trade. Songhai, african empire, 1516th century south african. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the trans atlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. Why discuss the transsaharan trade as part of a workshop dealing with issues of food, cultural. Some factors that led to the rise of trans saharan trade were. Unable to tax land, which had little value, african states had to rely on trade taxes for revenue. The transsaharan commodity trade presented by christopher rose hemispheres summer teachers institute 2003 june 9, 2003 why discuss the transsaharan trade as part of a workshop dealing with issues of food, cultural contact, and migration. This trade was conducted between the north african traders and their counterparts in west africa. Goods included precious metals, such as gold, as well as slaves. The trans saharan trade played an important role in the rise of states in the senegambia region and the western sudan, in general. Openness to international trade is one of these factors. The moroccan occupation of the niger bend in 1591 meant that the domination of the western sudan by mande or mandeinspired empiresghana, mali, songhaiwhich had persisted for at least five centuries, was at last ended.
Transsaharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and subsaharan africa. Availability of trade goods such as gold and salt presence of oases that provided water the tuaregs in the desert provided security to the traders and acted as guides existence of well established trade routes. The causes and consequences of africas slave trades nathan nunn1 august 2008. The route is paved except for a 200 km section in northern niger, but border restrictions still hamper traffic. Trans saharan trade was the transit of goods between sub saharan africa and the northern arab and european worlds. State the role of tuaregs in the trans saharan trade solved identify the role of tuaregs in the trans saharan trade. The rise of the soninke empire of ghana appears to be related to the beginnings of the transsaharan gold trade in the fifth century. Despite being from a wide range of places across the continent, the people traded as slaves were generally deported from only a few ports on the coast of africa, the most active of these being whydah on the socalled slave coast of north africa. Some factors that led to the rise of trans saharan trade. The existing trade was one of great complexity and enormous vitality. Explain the origins of islam and the growth of the islamic empire. I test bates view that trade across ecological divides promoted the develop ment of states in precolonial africa. Transsaharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach subsaharan.
Mediterranean economies were short of gold but could supply salt, taken by places like the african salt mine of taghaza, whereas west african countries like wangara had plenty of gold but needed salt. What were the reasons for the abolition of slave trade in. This in turn facilitated the development of the trans saharan trade. Kingdoms that survived were guinea, benin in nigeria, ashanti in present day ghana and dahomey, north of benin. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century.
Sswh5 the student will trace the origins and expansion of the islamic world between 600 ce and 0 ce. At the beginning, only the silent barter system of trade was practised. Doc cause and effect of the ancient transsaharan trade in west. As the romans in particular and, later, the arabs, established transsaharan trade routes fenn et al. It is not a detailed study of the arab world, nor of africa, but an outline of key points which will help with understanding the slave trade in this part of the world. During these trades, slaves were taken from land south of the saharan desert, inland of the red sea, and inland of the coast of eastern africa, and were shipped to northern africa and the middle east. Hunwick and powell 2001 introduces the basic muslim texts and perspectives that initially shaped contacts between muslims and black africans, while focusing on the transsaharan trade. The importance of transsaharan trade has certainly been exaggerated in the past. The rise and fall of the slave trade openlearn open. Trans atlantic slave trade of the early modern period apart from all previous experiences.
Pdf a historical geography of the transsaharan trade. The trans saharan trade was a twoway exchange between sub saharan regions and the north. The trade route was in operation between the seventh and 14th centuries, expanding the more established trade route of the silk road. As adu boahen has explained, the transsaharan caravan trade began to take place on a regular basis during the fourth century, as an expanded version of the preexisting intra and interregional trade among peoples of the forest, savanna, sahel, and sahara. Saharan regions through the growth of this trade, and it has already been mentioned that. Lovejoy 2011 describes the transformation within africa and the historical context of the transsaharan and east african slave trades. Some factors that led to the rise of transsaharan trade. The transatlantic slave trade was brought to an end in the mid 1800s, at a time, eltis claims, when slaves were fetching record. Moroccan invasion of western sudan in the 18th century undermined trade as it created insecurity and anarchy in region. Reasons for the decline and then abolition of slave trade in africa was the direct result of its abolition in the uk and usa slavery as a practice and then as an institution developed in the british colonies of the americas in early 17th century w. With an economy built on the basis of the transsaharan trade, the mali empire was the largest and longest lasting kingdom in the history of west africa. Jan 11, 2014 the trans saharan trade routes, the most significant of these paths, were used as means of transportation across the sahara to other areas such as north africa and europe. Many scholars maintain that one of the primary reasons for the transition from. Transsaharan trading netwrks swahili trading cities religious syncretism impact of bantu migrations o as they moved, they spread their culture, including language, agricultural practices and ironmaking technology rise and decline of sudanic kingdoms o ghana was a wealthy trade empire gold, collapsed around 1200.
If the supply of gold is greater, then the demand of gold is lower, and thus the price is lower. Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara. Introduction of trans atlantic trade which altered the trade route of trans saharan trade. The trans saharan trade was an important gateway for the spread of islam in africa. What were the effects of mansa musas rule and hajj. For the next hundred years, the main markets for these slaves were in europe and the atlantic islands owned by portugal and spain. Establishment of empires and kingdoms for example ghana, mali and songhai. Western africa western africa the islamic revolution in the western sudan.
Insecurity experienced in the region discouraged many merchants. Trades were even, ounce for ounce an ounce of gold for an ounce of salt. It offers new materials, methodologies and interpretations on the subject, and sheds light on the impactsocial, economic, political and ideologicalon. The saharan trade extended from the subsaharan west african kingdoms across the sahara desert to europe and linked the ghana, mali and songhai empires to the european world and the middle east. May 17, 2017 mention the different regions that participated in the trans saharan trade.
The trans saharan trade affected the people of west africa in many ways. The transsaharan trade played an important role in the rise of states in the senegambia region and the western sudan, in general. On the other hand, the results of these influences gave rise to the spread of islam throughout nations in africa. Lovejoy 2011 describes the transformation within africa and the historical context of the trans saharan and east african slave trades. Doc evaluate the factors which contributed to the rise. The transsaharan slave trade is an original, stimulating and enlightening reconstruction of the emergence, development and end almost of an important branch of the african slave trade.
The african union and african development bank support the transsahara highway from algiers to lagos via tamanrasset which aims to stimulate transsaharan trade. The three stages of containment, mixing, and reform can shed light on the historical developments of islam in this region. List 3 reasons why it is more important to be loyal than to follow the rules. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii.
Although muslims lost political power, muslim communities made rapid inroads in the west africa during the early 20th century. Transsaharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the transsaharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. The rise of the ghana empire, now called mali, senegal, and southern mauritania, paralleled the increase in transsaharan trade. Terms in this set 107 the early transsaharan trade largely consisted of which of the following. The sahara desert is a hot, desolate landscape to travel through that would have been a troublesome barrier between africa, europe, and the east. Trans saharan and indian ocean not only used trade to spread islam but also wealth. What factors account for the rise of great zimbabwe answers. Transsaharan slave trade between north africa and black africa 7thc ce introduction of the camel and the caravan trade routes transsaharan route mutually beneficial for islamic world and savanna states of africa 9. Just as the magnitude of the transatlantic slave trade is without. The invention of a medium of exchange contributed to the growth of the trans saharan trade. What caused the rise and fall of the west african kingdoms. The emergence of other sources of salt and gold needed by european traders due toopening up of mines in the americas. More specifically, the workshop is designed to address the most preliminary and fundamental questions in the organization of the transsaharan slave trade project and in particular, one of the most significant, yet least studied aspect of the afroarab relations.
Trans saharan and indian ocean essay example graduateway. The transsaharan trade routes, the most significant of these paths, were used as means of transportation across the sahara to other areas such as north africa and europe. Ecology, trade and states in precolonial africa james fenskey abstract. The growth of the city of aoudaghost, founded in the 5th century bce, was. What factors led to the rise of transsaharan trade answers. The transatlantic slave trade began around the midfifteenth century when portuguese interests in africa moved away from the fabled deposits of gold to a much more readily available commodity slaves. The rise of the ghana empire, centered on what is now southern mauritania, paralleled. The rise of west african empires a student essay hubpages. What innovations made trade in the transsaharan trade routes easier, faster, and safer. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the transatlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. Trade, commerce, and politics in africa before the atlantic slave trade era the commercial revolution is a period in world history between bce and 300 ce when the rise of the merchant class caused a fundamental shift in the social economy of trade and created a pattern in the global exchange of goods that remains in use even to this day. For the medieval west african kingdoms of mali and songhai, the rise and fall of power involved conquest, warfare and patterns of trade. Mention four notorious and professional long distance traders.
Blake, west africa a search for god and gold 14541578 london. Trans saharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, to the levant. Scarcity of water in the desert discouraged the voyages via the desert. This is to be understood in contrast with the view of tilly and ardant 1975, who argue that it was the need to secure and defend territory that gave rise.
Some factors that led to the rise of transsaharan trade were the spread of islam and the trading between the north and west. This in turn facilitated the development of the transsaharan trade. With an economy built on the basis of the trans saharan trade, the mali empire was the largest and longest lasting kingdom in the history of west africa. Jan 26, 2018 the trans atlantic slave trade began around the midfifteenth century when portuguese interests in africa moved away from the fabled deposits of gold to a much more readily available commodity slaves. The rise of the atlantic slave trade an atlantic trade in african slaves began in 1444, when the portuguese began to ship slaves from west africa to europe.
Answers 1 explain six factors that facilitated the growth and development of trans saharan trade solved explain six factors that facilitated the growth and development of trans saharan trade. The economic organization of the transsaharan slave trade. Eltis also argued that the transatlantic slave trade followed from the power of. How might the transsaharan trade routes have affected the civilizations connected by them. Despite being from a wide range of places across the continent, the people. Nov 11, 2014 social and economic impact of the trans saharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara. Some factors that led to the rise of transsaharan trade were. The trade route was in operation between the seventh and 14th centuries, expanding the more established trade route of the silk road between europe and the middle east. Gold is one of the most expensive commodities and one of the most soughtafter rocks in human history. Sweeping assertions are made about the rise and decline of particular routes, of. Jul 23, 2015 trans saharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the trans saharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. The saharan trade extended from the sub saharan west african kingdoms across the sahara desert to europe and linked the ghana, mali and songhai empires to the european world and the middle east. Just as the magnitude of the trans atlantic slave trade is without.
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